The Keep Family

The Keep Family
DNA Project

 

Y       Y-Chromosomal Adam:  Most Recent Common Ancestor (MRCA)

A      Is particularly prevalent in Africa, in three identifiable groups: 

                                               Firstly the Khoisan, which consists of two ethnic groups of Southern Africa, who share physical and linguistic characteristics. Culturally, the Khoisan is divided into two groups, the pastoral Khoi and the foraging San. The San were among the original inhabitants of Southern Africa before the southward Bantu migrations from Central and East Africa.                

                               Secondly the Ethiopians, especially those centred on Beta in, Israel.

                               The final group is the Nilotes, which comprises of ethnic groups from mainly southern Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, and northern Tanzania, who speak Nilotic languages, which is a significant sub-group of the Nilo-Saharan languages.

BT     All other haplogroups are summarized as BT (they are also referred to as YxA.) The BT haplogroup, shown above, separated from haplogroup An approximately 55,000 years ago.

B       Again found in Africa, mainly the Pygmies who live in several ethnic groups in Rwanda, Burundi, Uganda, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, the Republic of Congo, Angola, Botswana, Namibia, and Zambia and the Hadzabe, an ethnic group in north-central Tanzania, living around Lake Eyasi in the central Rift Valley and in the neighbouring Serengeti Plateau 

CF     Thishaplogroup represents the common ancestor of all people who migrated out of Africa, and is found throughout Eurasia, Oceania, and the Americas. The defining mutation occurred around 31-55,000 years ago in North East Africa and is still common in Ethiopia and Sudan today.

DE    The DE haplogroup materialized approximately 50,000 years ago in North East Africa and subsequently divided into haplogroup D that dispersed along the coastline of India and Asia to northern Asia, and haplogroup E that spread into Europe.

D       Appear in Japan, China, Tibet, and the Andaman Islands, a group of archipelagic islands in the Indian Ocean in the Bay of Bengal between India to the west and Burma/Myanmar to the north and east

E        Are established primarily in Africa

E1b1a Found in Africa, especially in Niger-Congo speakers

E1b1b Live in East Africa, North Africa, the Middle East, and Europe, especially around the Mediterranean

C,F   

C    Found in Asia, Oceania, and North America.  

 C1    Are located in Japan

C2      Found in Indonesia; New Guinea; Melanesia, a sub region of Oceania extending from the western end of the Pacific Ocean to the Arafura Sea, and eastward to Fiji. The region comprises most of the islands immediately north and northeast of Australia; Micronesia, a sub region of Oceania, comprising thousands of small islands in the western Pacific Ocean.  It is distinct from Melanesia to the south and Polynesia to the east. The Philippines lie to the west and Indonesia to the southwest; and Polynesia, a sub region of Oceania, comprising a large grouping of over 1,000 islands scattered over the central and southern Pacific Ocean.

C3       Appear throughout Eurasia; especially among Mongols; Kazakhs, Tungusic peoples.  Tungusic relates to a group of twelve or so closely related languages spoken in Russia, China and Mongolia.; Paleosiberians, located in northeast Siberia, and farther West near the Yenisei River; and Na-Dené-speaking peoples, a Native American language family which includes the Athabaskan languages, Eyak, and Tlingit.; and North America.

C4       Occurs among the indigenous peoples of Australia

C5     Are evident in the Indian subcontinent, the Arabian Peninsula, and northernChina    

F     Found in Southern India; Sri Lanka; Yunnan, a province in southwest China on the borders of Burma/Myanmar, Laos, and Vietnam; and Korea.

G     Relates to many ethnic groups in Eurasia; especially the Caucasus, which includes Chechnya, Ingushetia, Dagestan, Adyghea, Kabardino-Balkaria, Karachai-Cherkessia, North Ossetia, Krasnodar Krai, Stavropol Krai, Armenia, Azerbaijan. Nagorno-Karabakh, Georgia, Abkhazia, and South Ossetia; Iran; Anatolia, which is the region that is surrounded by the Black Sea to the north, Georgia to the northeast, the Armenian Highland to the east, Mesopotamia to the southeast, the Mediterranean Sea to the south and the Aegean Sea to the west; and other eastern Mediterranean coastal areas. It is also widespread in almost all European countries, but mainly Gagauzia, an autonomous part of Moldavia/Moldova; south eastern Romania; Greece; Italy; Spain; Portugal; Tyrol in Austria; and Bohemia, occupying the western two-thirds of the Czech Republic; with highest concentrations on some Mediterranean islands.  Also a small number can be found in north western China, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, and North Africa

H       Found mainly in South Asia

IJK 

IJ    The IJ haplogroup characterises the second wave of migration from Africa to the Middle East over 45,000 years ago and defines two branches I and J that travelled northwards and eastwards into Europe. The J branch subsequently parted and its people now form the current North African population

I     Found in Europe and parts of the Near East  

 I1     Found mainly in northern Europe

I2       Found primarily in southeast Europe and Sardinia

I2B1     Found mostly in Western, Central, and Northern Europe

J     Concentrated mainly on Socotra, a small archipelago of four islands in the Indian Ocean.

J1     Found in North east Caucasian peoples in Dagestan; Semitic peoples in Mesopotamia; the Levant, which includes modern Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Israel and the Palestinian Territories; the Arabian Peninsula; Ethiopia; and North Africa

J2     Found mainly in Mesopotamia, Anatolia, Levant, Greece, the Balkans, Italy and theCaucasus

K      Found throughout Eurasia; Oceania, especially  Melanesia  a sub region of Oceania comprises most of the islands immediately    north and northeast of Australia extending from the western end of the Pacific Ocean to the Arafura Sea, and eastward to Fiji: Australia; and the Americas

K1    Found in Indian subcontinent

K3    Found in Melanesia and Polynesia, a sub region of Oceania, comprising a large grouping of over 1,000 islands scattered over the central and southern Pacific Ocean.

K4    Found in Bali

L     Found in South Asia, Central Asia, Southwest Asia, the Mediterranean

M    Found in New Guinea and Melanesia

NOP

NO        The NO haplogroup appeared approximately 35-40,000 years ago in East Asia. Haplogroup N spread from there both west into Siberia and north, especially within the Uralic speaking peoples, who are found in Hungary; Finland; Estonia; Romania; Russia, namely the Mari Republic and theUdmurt Republic. Haplogroup O is mainly concentrated in East Asia and Southeast Asia, with minor groups living in the South Pacific, Central Asia, and South Asia.

N           Found in northern Eurasia, especially among the Uralic peoples, Serbia, and Slovakia

O           Located in East Asia, Southeast Asia, the South Pacific

O1    To be found in eastern and southern China, Taiwan, and Southeast Asia, especially among Austronesian, which encompasses the Taiwanese aborigines; the majority ethnic groups of East Timor, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Brunei, Madagascar, Micronesia, and Polynesia, as well as the Polynesian peoples of New Zealand and Hawaii, and the non-Papuan people of Melanesia. They are also found in Singapore, the Pattani region of Thailand, and the Cham areas of Vietnam, Cambodia, and Hainan, China, and Kradai peoples, which refer collectively to the ethnic groups of southern China and Southeast Asia, stretching from Hainan to eastern India and from southern Sichuan to Laos,Thailand, and parts of Vietnam.

O2a Situated in Japan, southern China, Southeast Asia, and the Indian subcontinent, especially among Austro-Asiatic peoples, Kradai peoples, Malays, and Indonesians

O2b Found in Japan, Korea, Manchuria, and Southeast Asia

O3    Located throughout East Asia, Southeast Asia, and Austronesia including Polynesia

P    

Q          Is credited with originating in Central Asia approximately 35-40 000 years ago, and is found in Siberia and the Americas

Q1a1      Located among Dungans from the Xinjiang Province in China; Han Chinese the largest single ethnic group in the world; Hazaras, in Afghanistan,Pakistan, and Iran.; Japanese; Koreans; and Tibetans

Q1a2       Manifests among some populations of Southwest Asia, Central Asia, and Siberia

Q1a3       Found in Pakistan, India, and Tibet

Q1a3a     Characteristic of indigenous peoples of the Americas

Q1a3a1   Found among some indigenous peoples of South America, such as the Ticuna of Brazil,Peru, and Colombia and the Wayuu, an ethnic group of the La Guajira Peninsula in northern Colombia and northwest Venezuela.

Q1a6      A significant minority appears in Yemeni Jews

Q1b         Found among the Hazara and Sindhis, aprovince of Pakistan

R              Found in Europe, West Asia, Central Asia, and South Asia

R1a           Originated in the Eurasian Steppes, and is associated with the Kurgan culture and Proto-Indo-European expansion. It is primarily found in Central Asia, South Asia, and Central, Northern and Eastern Europe

R1b           Originated in Central Asia. It is the dominant haplogroup of Western Europe and also found sparsely distributed among various peoples of Asia and Africa Found in Western Europe, West Asia, Central Asia, North Africa, and northern Cameroon

R1b1a2        Most commonly found among modern European populations, especially those of Western Europe

R2               Found in South Asia, Caucasus, Central Asia, and Eastern Europe

 

S            Concentrated in the highlands of New Guinea

T            Found in Africa, mainly Afro-Asiatic-speaking peoples; the Middle East, the Mediterranean, South Asia. Found in a significant minority of Sciaccensi, Somalis, Eivissencs, Stilfser, Ethiopians, Fulbe, Egyptians, and Omanis; also found at low frequency throughout the Mediterranean and parts of India.

 

If we now consider our test results to date, four haplogroups have been identified:  I1, the “East Midland Keeps,” including John Keep of Longmeadow; R1a1, the descendant of Walter Keep born 1762; R1b1a2, the “Wessex Keeps”  and the “Enfield Keeps”; and E1b1b1, the descendant of Stephen Keep. What does this tell us about our deeper ancestry?

The Y-DNA haplogroup I is mainly associated with Europe, and correspond to 20 per cent of the population. By implication haplogroup I evolved in Europe possibly before the Last Glacial Maximum over 20,000 years ago. The two main subgroups of haplogroup I, I1 and I2 separated roughly 28,000 years ago. In respect of the East Midlands Keeps they have been certified as haplogroup I1, which is mainly found in Scandinavia, Iceland, and northwestEurope.  In Britain its origins are linked to the Viking or Anglo-Saxon invaders, and as such the East Midland Keeps are believed to be of Anglo-Saxon stock.

The Y-DNA haplogroup R is thought to have surfaced in Asia about 27,000 years ago. The two currently defined subclades are R1 and R2.  Haplogroup R1 is estimated to have arisen during the height of the Last Glacial Maximum about 18,500 years ago in South Western Asia. The two most common descendant clades are R1a and R1b. R1a relates to the descendants of Walter Keep born 1762, and is believed to have occurred in the Eurasian Steppe, and today is common in Eastern Europe and in western and central Asia. The R1b emerged in south west Asia and is now widespread throughout Europe, especially in Western Europe, mainly in the form of R1b1b2. The Wessex Keeps are identified as R1b1b2a, which is also known as the Atlantic Modal Haplotype, a Y chromosome haplotype ofY-STR microsatellite variations, and is found mainly in Atlantic Europe; the Iberian Peninsula and in Great Britain and Ireland. In the Iberian Peninsula it reaches 70 per cent in Portugal, with more than 90 per cent in north West Portugal and nearly 90 per cent in Galicia, North West Spain, while the largest group is to be found among Spanish Basques.

The Y-DNA haplogroup E and variety of E subclades are very prevalent in North East Africa, however, it is closely connected to Haplogroup D, which is not found in Africa; therefore, it must be assumed it originated in the Near or Middle East and was subsequently conveyed into Africa by population migration. The descendants of Stephen Keep have been ascribed to E1b1b1, which evolved in either in North East Africa or the Near East and then travelled to the west; both shores of the Mediterranean Sea. Today they are found in Western Europe, Southeast Europe, the Near East, Northeast Africa and Northwest Africa.

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